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THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA


The supreme law of India is the Constitution. In addition to outlining fundamental rights, guiding principles, and citizen responsibilities, it also establishes the framework that defines political principles and the structure, processes, powers, and responsibilities of government institutions.
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An outline of the Indian Constitution is provided below:
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🏛️ Fundamental Information
 Date of adoption: November 26, 1949 became operative on January 26, 1950, which is observed as Republic Day. 
 The Constituent Assembly drafted it, and Dr. B. R. Ambedkar chaired the committee. Hindi and English are the original languages. 
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📜 The Indian Constitution's features include:
 1. It is lengthy and written It is among the world's longest written constitutions.
 2. A Federal Framework with Unitary Prejudice Although the States and the Center share power, the Center has more clout. 
 3. The Parliamentary System of Governance The Prime Minister and Council of Ministers hold actual authority, but the President serves as the head of state, much like in the British system.
4. Secular State  
India operates without an official religion, ensuring equal treatment for all faiths by the state.
5. Independent Judiciary  
The Supreme Court holds the highest position in the judiciary, free from influence by the executive and legislative branches.
6. Fundamental Rights (Articles 12–35)  
These include basic rights such as the Right to Equality, Right to Freedom, Right against Exploitation, Right to Freedom of Religion, and more.
7. Directive Principles of State Policy (Articles 36–51)  
These are recommendations for the government aimed at promoting social and economic welfare.
8. Fundamental Duties (Article 51A)  
Introduced by the 42nd Amendment in 1976, these outline the responsibilities of citizens, including respecting the Constitution and the national flag.
9. Single Citizenship  
All Indians hold citizenship of India alone, rather than being citizens of individual states.
10. Universal Adult Franchise  
Every citizen aged 18 and older is entitled to vote, without any form of discrimination.
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🔁 Modifications  
The Constitution is adaptable and can be revised.  
The First Amendment occurred in 1951, and more than 100 amendments have been enacted since then.  
All citizens aged 18 and older can vote without any discrimination.

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